tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21064923029792552732024-02-07T22:10:16.473+08:00I let rage take over my mindppl saying i cant get what i want
but they dont know what they ever got is the best
for me
right now
i dont even know what i wantAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.comBlogger135125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-76081572400422784532009-06-09T01:15:00.001+08:002009-06-09T01:18:25.400+08:00cant believe I'm here can find wirelessand get on line<br /><br />since blogger has been banned in mainland for so long<br />i haven no chance to log in and not to say blog<br /><br />but speed on youtube twitter blogger is extremely fast<br />love it here<br />xxAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-5442039570388046222009-04-20T10:58:00.002+08:002009-04-20T11:01:49.210+08:00BRAVO i got the good newswaited 4 so long<br />finally <br />i could <br />saying goodbye to all the things here<br /><br />I'M GOING TO HKU NEXT SEMESTER<br />BRAVO<br />I CANT WAIT<br />FOR THE NEXT 2 YEARS<br /><br />a new life<br />baby<br />what can i say<br /><br />i'm really getting closer to my dream<br />first if HK<br />then i'm going to UK<br />i'm coming to LONDON<br />for my Arsenal!!!Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-50032574915593188032009-04-16T21:47:00.005+08:002009-04-16T21:54:31.038+08:00at least i know what i wantit cant be more clear<br />if u ever come back and talk to me<br /><br />i'm not sure about everything <br />but one thing i can be sure is that <br />we cant go back to before<br />we cant be together again<br /><br />just suppose that<br />if this happen, which has a very small probability<br />the answer is no<br /><br />i've changed<br />i moved on alone<br />all by my self<br />i used to get lost<br />i tried my best to stay him<br />he still said no<br />i know it is hard<br />but now there's nothing left there<br />only memory<br />the illusion of i love him<br /><br />i'm sorry<br />but this aint gonna happen my baby<br />not even acquaintance<br />not even somebody i know<br /><br />there's a time vortex between<br />millions of light years away<br />i let go already<br />baby<br /><br />it's true<br />i have love you.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-91841567019241069022009-04-14T10:52:00.002+08:002009-04-14T11:02:19.571+08:00I'm sorry i still keep my promises to youi still keep my promises to you.<br />it's been almost 4years.<br /><br />i dont know if i will ever c u again.<br />and i dont know how long can i keep my promises.<br /><br /> a few years more or forever.<br />i dreamed bout u last night<br />it's not the first time.<br />there are a lot before.<br /><br />i've always think about u will come back to find me.<br />but u never.<br /><br />i dont know where u are.<br />i wish to hear ur voice<br />i wish to c u face 2 face.<br /><br />i never stop thinkin of u.<br />i just cant let go<br />I've tried so many times to forget about u<br />forget about us.<br /><br />but i just cant<br />i just cant<br /><br />but u wont <br />u r already gone<br />i may never c u again my love<br /><br />but i really love u<br />it's true<br />i never lie<br />i wish to start all over again.<br /><br />but it seems impossible.<br />sorry my love <br />my first love.<br />i still keep my promises to u.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-33352488722610949612009-04-12T17:24:00.002+08:002009-04-12T17:28:38.051+08:00finally come the easter special of DWthat's just a long wait<br />from last year's xmas to this easter<br />but finally <br />finally <br />finally<br />11th apr is coming <br />what can i say.<br />i'll watch it later<br />kinda busy these days.<br /><br />----<br />some memory bout high school<br />but it's just a memory.<br />i'm all grown up now.<br />im 19<br />i know i cant forget but ive already moved on <br />time cant be reversed.<br />even though i may fall into a time vortex<br />but my mind cant be reversed.<br /><br />that all<br />keep everything to the good memory is the best wayAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-51883947253743437472009-04-09T18:48:00.002+08:002009-04-09T19:05:48.267+08:00i dont like people judge memama called today...<br />she saw my essay..<br />and she said i should write some more reference<br />i dont know<br />i feel very unhappy<br />so i said byebye<br /><br />i have to say that<br />the resource is limited<br />i have that 7 page essay <br />should be good enough<br /><br />i really dont know<br />sometimes i think that i know <br />but the truth is that i dont like people judge me<br />i think i am always right<br /><br />no <br />just forget that<br /><br />i swim today<br />got some earache<br /><br /><br />i dont like life here<br />there's no water during days..<br />only after 6<br />theres water supply<br />sucks<br />i have no appetite<br />life sucks<br /><br />really sucks...Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-91101254144297930412009-03-22T22:47:00.002+08:002009-03-22T23:18:30.318+08:00i suddenly remember the dog i saw in summer 2006it was i went to a damn place in that summer<br />just before the last year in high school<br />i was desperate<br />really desperate<br />but what can i do?<br /><br />seems like no one else understand me<br />i can hardly eat<br />i can hardly speak anything<br />i dont think they were trying to help me<br /><br />but that moment i saw a dog<br />i wasnt frightened at all<br />i looked into his eyes<br />i saw something there<br />like we knew each other long time ago<br />we just look at each other like that for several mintues<br /><br /><br />i saw sadness in his eyes<br />he was desperate<br />i dont know what to do<br />tears fill my eyesAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-4353540519437185192009-03-12T23:05:00.003+08:002009-03-12T23:09:42.115+08:00I AM NOT FRIGHTENEDI am not frightened<br />I am not frightened of anything<br />The more I suffer, the more I love<br />Danger will only increase my love<br />It will sharpen it<br />It will give it spice<br />I will be the only angel u need<br />U will leave life even more beautiful than u entered it<br />heaven will take u back and look at u and say <br />only one thing can make a soul complete <br />and that thing is love<br />-------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />i am still questioning myself have i ever loved someone<br />i still dont have the answer<br />once the feeling is so real <br />but suddenly it can be so unreal<br />i dont know if i am dreaming or not<br /><br />but i am the faith in god<br />he will lead me to the right way<br />to the right life<br />to the right man<br />he is the light<br />he is the lord<br />he is always there<br />i know<br />he isAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-64075270945631836052009-03-11T20:19:00.003+08:002009-03-11T20:27:31.426+08:00it's all about loveactually there was a time<br />i wanted to abandon this blog<br />because of some log in problems<br />but now seems everything's fine<br />so that's good<br />:D<br /><br />back to the theme all about love<br />its all about love<br />everything<br />all about love<br /><br />i watched the reader<br />let the right one in<br />all good films<br />really good<br />make ppl think<br />and make ppl cry<br />i cry when hanna is on court<br />and declared that she's gonna stay behind bars all her life<br />and michael read to her<br />every day every night<br />it's all about love<br />michael was very young<br /><br />he was ashamed of the affair with Hanna<br />but Hanna was ashame of she couldnt read and write<br />what a shame<br />not every story ends up happy<br />a lot is some kinda tragedy<br />yet that's the truth of life<br />like tatanic<br />only few life story ends up like the notebook<br />snow white<br />it's like those are just novel<br />just story<br />just something we looking forward to<br />but in real life<br />these cant happen<br /><br />just cant<br />probably i am shamed 2...<br />just all of what i had done when i was 15<br />it's a shame<br />a sweet shame<br />a sweet sin<br />but i need to walk out of that memory<br />i have a life<br />just need some more time<br />trust me<br />i can~Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-29326499161101141002009-03-04T16:08:00.009+08:002009-03-09T23:09:16.712+08:00louis garrel!!!!<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOIqlaCXKofsxbUMbcwHRMoIb0MHbdzgk2C8rjVlPfTJ2P8s6fOW1nne80topnxJ_4BTylcPKNOwbms5W8aX-oumSTCwumhfz42EE8YM7HC4I7BFJ-ACXRcEWGlQ70bfxs62A7xzr4GNl/s1600-h/25.film.ma">he is really hot~</a><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOIqlaCXKofsxbUMbcwHRMoIb0MHbdzgk2C8rjVlPfTJ2P8s6fOW1nne80topnxJ_4BTylcPKNOwbms5W8aX-oumSTCwumhfz42EE8YM7HC4I7BFJ-ACXRcEWGlQ70bfxs62A7xzr4GNl/s1600-h/25.film.ma">really really really</a></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOIqlaCXKofsxbUMbcwHRMoIb0MHbdzgk2C8rjVlPfTJ2P8s6fOW1nne80topnxJ_4BTylcPKNOwbms5W8aX-oumSTCwumhfz42EE8YM7HC4I7BFJ-ACXRcEWGlQ70bfxs62A7xzr4GNl/s1600-h/25.film.ma"><br /><img style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 231px; height: 231px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikOIqlaCXKofsxbUMbcwHRMoIb0MHbdzgk2C8rjVlPfTJ2P8s6fOW1nne80topnxJ_4BTylcPKNOwbms5W8aX-oumSTCwumhfz42EE8YM7HC4I7BFJ-ACXRcEWGlQ70bfxs62A7xzr4GNl/s400/25.film.ma" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309249701999606882" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXbBG-DVTNxyWknpwmGW-Qkt_RBAeOCE82gi3FGFUDfnKrxvi1q3HescscbBo6F50rcld05rPBoL8SjdPTlOqyVdRfpAoQgbw1yqZsI4-Duhm0FQOhZSGS5Eq34VCX1Ja_87BrvO3ok-h5/s1600-h/MV5BMTIwNTQ0MTIyNl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwOTkzNjc2._V1._SX485_SY323_"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXbBG-DVTNxyWknpwmGW-Qkt_RBAeOCE82gi3FGFUDfnKrxvi1q3HescscbBo6F50rcld05rPBoL8SjdPTlOqyVdRfpAoQgbw1yqZsI4-Duhm0FQOhZSGS5Eq34VCX1Ja_87BrvO3ok-h5/s400/MV5BMTIwNTQ0MTIyNl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwOTkzNjc2._V1._SX485_SY323_" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309249697314037586" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsK-jTVqD6igzPiD1O2o58jCJyV-o5Ve2TXPRkFeAhq78gs8TSrUOVdVWTWU78fb8zRKQxqVm2AbQtsMlTSOWK5w7UQrVBwZZQ06g_t_B87Qu3_oyEHfuvTR95OfflxUIEqGNEKsW7w_X/s1600-h/louis-garrelll.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsK-jTVqD6igzPiD1O2o58jCJyV-o5Ve2TXPRkFeAhq78gs8TSrUOVdVWTWU78fb8zRKQxqVm2AbQtsMlTSOWK5w7UQrVBwZZQ06g_t_B87Qu3_oyEHfuvTR95OfflxUIEqGNEKsW7w_X/s400/louis-garrelll.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309249693858942898" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-i47OsbB32a7bJufv03Ak2skv4U56tNV7w7CCy7uMYt4a1QgirNIWLGTLlewEIo4j5oN7Q3d8Xf3HXp-K65chxD3aQbYrd650zSbwb6FaDdT-Rd-X4IKtkmjoBLnsKu1_VgnNBvCLe0_l/s1600-h/2868107828_9effe99edb.jpg"><img 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auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 232px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgPdJpl5NgGrNJp6kBuIF3dqheVdouFCchUS5cDpGQy6AI8vF7WK8adQid8G_LR93W10UtgE0cG9IaFYI9fN3KmSXke6gnM_SFyrS0wKt-EDNPUQdncmFPg30X99mBqn2njTyW6Uvh-IsL/s400/louis_garrel.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEccC6l6cDdrTOdgxufgFzCdRNy7ahKxotl1j_ZG5Xwf4XryjBrxY2I9CMEzS_EEyNuCbFj0x1QrP059Pbau5GsemXFvkW9-OA9Ry_DA3DcEyXwtuWAzhj1k1bV9KD_aqj638Wv5mx3Zf5/s1600-h/louis-garrelss.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309248153495499650" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 187px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 245px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEccC6l6cDdrTOdgxufgFzCdRNy7ahKxotl1j_ZG5Xwf4XryjBrxY2I9CMEzS_EEyNuCbFj0x1QrP059Pbau5GsemXFvkW9-OA9Ry_DA3DcEyXwtuWAzhj1k1bV9KD_aqj638Wv5mx3Zf5/s400/louis-garrelss.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a 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href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy726vp6iegy9kTOkKXcCuBHmlPEJY9rN-SghWJK0S_aeNvtIZocZqqaGM_1-DYKN-8ShzOPIZo2A5qyE5_ZxohEmpDk3MbJJnPCODFsTySc9ex3MY55MQpYiM4Fa3fqyTJvGZu-3X0YMl/s1600-h/266_74183868mh001_garrel.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309242383774705090" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy726vp6iegy9kTOkKXcCuBHmlPEJY9rN-SghWJK0S_aeNvtIZocZqqaGM_1-DYKN-8ShzOPIZo2A5qyE5_ZxohEmpDk3MbJJnPCODFsTySc9ex3MY55MQpYiM4Fa3fqyTJvGZu-3X0YMl/s400/266_74183868mh001_garrel.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubqznyQwp_DhUsqiuX7E6Bu7FqpgRdM_2kofFSbMnCZpP3InkU2LPlysSRr0DXZsUDcoKEjagZ1QPZkC02Mr4o7NvwbuR_1AAah1RVh4nTFggJ6Plw4A1JQhRE8fzEp2eEMOc_zCv_6hg/s1600-h/louis-garrel.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309242388018240098" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 315px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubqznyQwp_DhUsqiuX7E6Bu7FqpgRdM_2kofFSbMnCZpP3InkU2LPlysSRr0DXZsUDcoKEjagZ1QPZkC02Mr4o7NvwbuR_1AAah1RVh4nTFggJ6Plw4A1JQhRE8fzEp2eEMOc_zCv_6hg/s400/louis-garrel.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCQ_0ChHDAM1XfAl9QfBgkp1pGs8BRMxShO-RGDQPAd9l80wDTZR3A1aVMslQlSlg45ilWNR4ggabJjyuRXaaT47ozLXHq9b08I2gBIBOb-uslJplXBquFRgLJu1rfe8FDbqbpCq6ffK8M/s1600-h/%C3%A6%E2%80%94"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309242387528326706" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 285px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCQ_0ChHDAM1XfAl9QfBgkp1pGs8BRMxShO-RGDQPAd9l80wDTZR3A1aVMslQlSlg45ilWNR4ggabJjyuRXaaT47ozLXHq9b08I2gBIBOb-uslJplXBquFRgLJu1rfe8FDbqbpCq6ffK8M/s400/%E6%97%A0%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98.bmp" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJGwX1kKYNZ34dSlh-F23xrnzJ7WODFrYOSrqt6E0hWou7ag7w82_GiyLkAYtfJj2z9Vzt92BesQbWHgEw8N1uEIrMJHT4qrcG_Rax3nvyHPCixD0q5iXOR8Dlcqnnh_LkQBsBtFDMv6lK/s1600-h/1199712703.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309242385473135410" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 292px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJGwX1kKYNZ34dSlh-F23xrnzJ7WODFrYOSrqt6E0hWou7ag7w82_GiyLkAYtfJj2z9Vzt92BesQbWHgEw8N1uEIrMJHT4qrcG_Rax3nvyHPCixD0q5iXOR8Dlcqnnh_LkQBsBtFDMv6lK/s400/1199712703.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /></div>Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-90288150815311169042009-02-25T22:44:00.000+08:002009-02-25T22:45:05.395+08:00it's killing mei dont know what's going on<br />i still dont get the result of the interview<br />on the day of interview it was said that the students supposed to know the result at the beginning of Feb. but right now it's the end of Feb.<br />i was worried about it<br />Today, i heard people saying that the result wont come out till the end of Mar.<br /><br />i dont know what's going on in HKU.<br />it was said that the head-master of the University is not very supportive of this program.<br />seems they wanna fail more ppl..<br />it was said that there're 30 place for us if every one qualified.<br /><br />i try not to think about the result but i just cant help<br />what if i cant get the offer<br />that would definitely hard to accept.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-5912289884033594282009-02-25T09:52:00.001+08:002009-02-25T09:52:33.274+08:00Things are going badI don't know things are going bad. I don't know what to do and there's nothing i could do. All those supposes what if i can't ... What if i can't ... But the answer is that i really don't know. I kinda can't think. I kinda don't know what to think. But the future. The future i really expect to go there. What if my life was ruined. What if that is what god punish me for? Is it ture that they won't judge on the exam results to give one the offer? I don't know... If they look in to the exam score which is awful and i may be sure to know that i would be one out of the offer list... Honestly, i have worked hard but i don't know why i can't get high scores in exams. God it's killing me. Ok now i just want to ask god did i make a wrong choice? I've always believed you. There.s no way you gonna see my whole life ruined. I had a future before. You let me see it once. I believed in you. But why i can't see the future now? My lord please let me see the future. I trust you. You gotta help me with everything. PLEASEAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-54358914975514908902009-02-23T15:20:00.001+08:002009-02-23T15:20:54.097+08:00I admire asimovA great writer who has a great mind:-) give me hope to the world outside. The universe far away some where my life could be different. But i don't know.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-31227021250855351042009-02-21T16:09:00.002+08:002009-02-21T16:17:35.585+08:00got all the results of my grade of last termi have to say that i sucked<br />drawing 66<br />i expected it could be this low<br />cos i only got B and C's for those assignments<br />anyway i didnt fail<br />should i just look the good point of this?<br /><br />i ask god why did he let me suffer so much<br />he never answer me this<br />but anyway he has give me some hope <br />seriously<br />hope <br /><br />i ought to be hopeful for them<br />at least i have hope to change everything...<br /><br />honestlyAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-4782479351901553122009-02-19T22:36:00.002+08:002009-02-19T22:41:32.350+08:00still waiting...the result of the interview<br />and whether i could go to HKU this Sept isnt 4 sure yet<br /><br />panic...<br />i dont know what 2 do when i still dont get the result<br />i dont know what 2 do if i get the result<br />i dont know what 2 do if i was refused<br />......<br /><br /><br />----<br />lily allen's new album is awesome<br />it's not me it's you<br /><br />this yeat's trend is some mix with electrical <br />but i still cant add lily on myspace<br />that stupid last name is drivin me insaneAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-32571307676288035202009-02-11T21:24:00.003+08:002009-02-11T22:04:38.617+08:00现在才发现,其实,我经常都是在做自己喜欢的来广州之后,我说要学钢琴。。。<br />于是,从10岁开始<br />我开始学钢琴了<br /><br />还有舞蹈<br />虽然,是妈妈送我去学的<br />不过后来是自己真的喜欢了<br /><br />都是,喜欢的<br /><br />以后,还是一样<br />要做自己喜欢的事情<br />和自己喜欢的人在一起<br />一直都不要变Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-58195129853954638732009-02-05T00:55:00.001+08:002009-02-05T00:55:12.899+08:00不知道用什么语言来形容我的心情乱。<br />我现在越来越喜欢KATY PERRY了。想起那时还说,她声音太粗了…不过,音乐是多种多样的…<br />总觉得有很多想写的,但却写不出来。<br />时间似乎过的很快。面试好像过了很久,其实只有半个月。<br />但我觉得是不久前才踏上火车,2000年1月20号。不知不觉9年了,真的是时间不等人啊。<br />似乎还是昨天,他牵着我的手,陪我回家,一转眼4年了。<br />一天,一天,一周一周,一月,一季,一年…时钟滴滴答答的走,不肯停止。一天一天过的好快,回过头,发现有些事情,真的是,不敢想…<br />停下来,转过头,看看,才发现身边曾经陪伴我的人不知所踪。是我走的太快,还是我转左,你转右了?于是我独自一人,望着前方,走出第一步,第二步…我还是回时不时回头,寻找你的身影。<br />我不知道我要什么,我真的需要一个DOCTOR…<br />我寻找着那个PERFECT的Mr.Right,那个会牵着我的手,在我想get away的时候,带我离开,到一个只有你,只有我的地方。能够听我说话,不会责备我,不管发生什么。<br />只是有时,我会迷失,不管怎么样,我知道,有人会在那里,等我,不管发生什么。Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-70116590589699123972009-01-31T00:55:00.001+08:002009-01-31T00:59:11.723+08:00i never love him be4 and will never afteri know it <br />but how come i keep dreaming about him these days<br />i said i dont like him<br />i never really fall in love with him<br />why <br />why?<br />why i keep dreaming about him<br />why why?Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-91467112649781728502009-01-29T20:44:00.001+08:002009-01-29T20:48:52.507+08:00still talkin 'bout titlei dont want to just look them down <br />but hey hey guys face the truth<br />the truth is that arsenal is in 5th place right now<br />if the season end up like this <br />we certainly can not qualified 4 the Champion league<br />and the champion <br />i have to say now<br />United <br />they should be the championAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-68518595739811225102009-01-27T20:38:00.004+08:002009-01-27T20:41:39.059+08:00so the truth is that i didnt really love himyeah<br />he's not someone the i have really really loved<br />though i've cried 4 him<br />being heart broken<br />but the feeling is not real<br />everything is not real<br />i was never in love with himAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-42568911282494585512009-01-18T20:51:00.003+08:002009-01-18T20:54:54.352+08:003-1~hull city...<br />that shame day in emirates <br />but today ~<br />we beat them 3-1<br />we cant bear to lose any game again<br />currently at 5 in league table means that the ticket to next season's champions league is not in our hand <br />Aston Villa is strong this season~<br />the consequence to in UEFA cup is fatal<br />so so so keep going~<br />always support<br />i feel good finally see the smile on Wenger's faceAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-8386799259433620442009-01-15T19:35:00.003+08:002009-01-15T19:35:57.242+08:00timberTimber is a natural material which is not subjected to pre-use factory processing. As timber cannot be manufactured to specification, remember to check availability before specifying certain type or grade of timber.<br /><br />Timber is converted mainly from the trunk.<br /> <br />Bark<br />The periphery of the trunk<br /><br />Medullary ray<br />Groups of cells running radially<br /><br />Heartwood<br /> The older timber at the heart<br /> Composed of dead tissue<br /> Usually darker in color<br /> Drier and harder than the outer layer of sapwood<br /><br />Sapwood<br /> The living outer layer<br /> Contain more moisture than the heartwood<br /> Not as strong in the green state as heartwood, but after seasoning, may be as dense and strong as heartwood<br />Sapwood is inferior to heartwood in respect of durability, containing starches which may attract insects and provide food for fungal growth. Sapwood, however, is very permeable and more easily impregnated with preservative and, where the conditions under which the timber must serve are such that treatment with a preservative is essential, it may be beneficial to use sapwood as a deliberate choice.<br /><br />Tree classification:<br /> Hardwood<br /> Angiosperms or dicotyledons which have broad leaves shed in the autumn<br /> Slower growth, more expansive, not grown in some countries<br /> Mainly used for furniture and interior finish<br /> Softwood<br /> Gymnosperms or conifers which have needle-like leaves, broadly evergreen<br /> Faster growth, normally cheaper<br /> Used mainly for construction<br /><br />Conversion of timber:<br />Conversion is the process whereby the felled truck is converted into marketable sizes of timber.<br />Different strength characteristics are possible with varying methods of sawing the trunk.<br /> <br />There are two main methods of converting timber:<br /> Through and through (or Plain or Crown sawn) which produces tangential boards and <br /> Quarter Sawn which produces radial boards. <br /> The Quarter sawn is far more expensive because of the need to double (or more) handle the log. There is also more wastage. It is however more decorative and less prone to cup or distort. Note also there are two ways of sawing the quarter. <br /> Through and through produces mostly tangentially sawn timber and some quarter sawn stuff. (see diagram) Tangential timber is the most economical to produce because of the relatively less repetitive production methods. It is used extensively in the building industry.<br />There are other ways but they are all variations of tangential and radial cuts to obtain the best or most economical boards for the use it is to be put. These basic cuts are not always able or need to be, on the exact tangent or radius of the trunk. The cuts, that fall between, crown and quarter are called 'rift' and between 'rift' and 'quarter' are identified as 'figured' - see below for explanation. Boxing the heart refers to eliminating the heartwood from the boards that would otherwise produce shakes, juvenile wood or may even be rotten.<br /><br />Tangential boards (crown, plain or flat sawn) are used extensively for beams and joists. They are stronger when placed correctly edge up with the load in the tangential axis. These type of boards suffer from 'cupping' if not carefully converted, seasoned, and stored properly. Annual growth rings form an angle less than 45 degrees.<br /> <br />Radial boards (radial, figured or quarter sawn) are typically cut on 'the quarter' and produce a pattern of the medullary rays especially in quartered oak. Such timber is expensive due to the multiple cuts required to convert this board. The radial face of the board is slightly stronger and stiffer than the tangentially face but the cross section and condition of the timber has more effect on strength. Annual growth rings form an angle greater than 45 degrees.<br />Crown sawn is obtained by sawing tangentially to the annual rings. It is also referred to as 'Plain Sawn' or 'through and through'. <br />Rift sawn is the cut which falls between crown and true quarter sawn. It is straight grained and in oak, does not reveal any 'silver ribbon' grain features. Quality floor boards are prepared from rift sawn timber because it wears well and shrinks less. Annual growth rings form an angle between 30 and 60 degrees. <br />Quarter sawn boards are radial cut from the centre of the tree. It produces the distinctive silver ribbon effect (in oak) across the whole board. Annual growth rings form an angle greater than 45 degrees. True quartered boards producing the best features will have the angle on or very much closer to 90 degrees. <br />'Figured' - is the cut between 'rift' and 'true quartered'. It has varying degrees of 'silver ribbon' (in oak) showing through but not the full figured effect found in true quarter sawn boards. <br />Different species have their best features enhanced by choosing the best cut appropriate to their species.<br /> <br /><br />Billet sawing<br /><br />Commercial quarter sawing<br /><br />True radial sawing<br /><br />Strength of timber:<br />The strength of timber is affected by:<br /> Species<br /> Variability within a species (density, rate of growth, position in trunk etc.)<br /> Defects (knots, decays, insect attack etc.)<br /> Moisture content<br />The strength of timber increases with decrease of moisture content, and vice versa<br /> Duration of loading<br />Strength decrease with duration of loading, may be up to 35%<br /> Grain<br />The tensile & compressive strength in the direction parallel to the grain are much higher than in the direction perpendicular to the grain; the shearing strength along the grain is much lower than that across the grain<br /><br />Moisture content:<br />moisture content= (wt.of moisture contained)/(dry wt.of timber)<br />The condition when all the cells are dry but the walls are still saturated is referred to as the fibre saturation point, usually between 23 to 27% moisture content. Below the fibre saturation point, all properties of timber improve with decease in moisture content except toughness or the shock resistance.<br /><br />Seasoning of timber:<br />The purpose of seasoning is to expel or dry up the sap and water in the wood to improve its strength and other properties.<br /> Air of natural seasoning<br />Air or natural seasoning is affected by stacking the timber in such a way that air can circulate freely around all surfaces. Air seasoning may take weeks or even months to complete.<br /> Kiln or artificial seasoning<br />Kiln or artificial seasoning is carried out by subjecting the timber in a kiln or chamber to a current of hot air. Kiln seasoning may take a few hours to a few days.<br /><br />Structural grading rules<br />It is not economically justified to use defect free or clear timber for structural purposes. Instead of specifying that structural timber “shall be free from defects”, it is much more practical to accept defects, but to place definite limits on the size and number that will be permitted and to base working stresses on the strength of the piece of minimum acceptable quality.<br /> Select grade<br />Weakest piece shall be 75% as strong as defect-free timber<br /> Standard grade<br />65%<br /> Common grade<br />40 to 50%<br /><br />Defects in timber<br /> Natural defects:<br /> Cracks<br /> Checks<br />Lengthwise across annual rings<br /> Shakes<br />Lengthwise between annual rings<br /> Knots<br />Part of a branch which becomes enclosed in a growing tree<br /> Seasoning defects<br /> Various defects in timber:<br />a = twist; b = cupping;<br />c = honeycomb checks;<br />d = bowing; e = checks;<br />f = end split;<br />g = compression failure;<br />h = behaviour of test sample from a case-hardended board;<br />i = spring.<br /><br />Seasoning defects are due to distortion of timber during seasoning which may arise from excessive or uneven drying, exposure towind and rain, and poor stacking.<br /><br />(1) A knot which is a portion of a branch and which has become incorporated in the body of a tree. All provisions of this chapter relating to the presence of knots apply only to the surface of the piece on which the knot appears, and all such provisions limiting the size of knots apply to the mean or average diameter as measured on the surface. <br /> (2) Cross-grained wood in which the fibres are not parallel with the axis or longitudinal edge of the piece. It is expressed in this chapter as the slope of the grain with respect to the edges of the piece. For instance, one in 12 means that in a distance of 12 inches the grain deviates one inch from the edge. The presence in any surface of local discontinuity of grain or local deviations in the straightness of grain because of knots permitted in the piece shall be disregarded in applying the provisions of this chapter. <br /> (3) A shake which is a separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs between the rings of annual growth. <br /> (4) A check which is a separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs across the rings of annual growth. <br /> (5) A pitch pocket which is an opening between the grain of the wood, containing more or less pitch or bark. <br /> (6) Decay which is the destruction of the wood substance due to the action of wood destroying fungi. <br /> (7) A cross-break which is a separation of the wood cells across the grain of the wood. <br /> (8) A compression failure which is a deformation of the fibres due to excessive compression along the grain. This deformation takes the form of a buckling of the fibres. <br /> (9) Compression wood, or proudwood, which is an abnormal growth occurring in conifers (softwood) and is characterized by relatively wide annual rings, usually eccentric and a comparatively large proportion of summerwood, usually 50% or more, which merges into the springwood without exhibiting a marked contrast in color.<br /> <br />Shrinkage<br />When timber is seasoning and it's moisture content (MC) is reduced below the Fibre Saturated Point (FSP) continued drying will cause dramatic change such as increase in strength but also distortion and shrinkage.<br />Shrinkage is the greatest tangentially over the radial direction with little loss along the length of the board, etc.<br /> <br />Cupping<br />Because of this varying shrinkage rates tangential boards tend to cup because of the geometry of the annual rings shown on the end grain. It can be seen that some rings are much longer than the others close to the heart. Therefore they will be more shrinkage at these parts than the others ~ cupping is the result.<br />In square section timber cut from the same place, diamonding is the result.<br /> <br /> <br /><br />Knots<br />Knots are the result of the trees attempt to make branches in the early growth of the tree. They are the residue of a small twig, shoot, etc. that died or was broken off by man or an animal in the wood or forest. The tree subsequently continued its growth over this wood.<br />The knot may be live, sound, or tight or if it has become separated and is contained in residue of bark, dead.<br />Dead knots become loose and downgrade the appearance and stability of the board. Most grading systems uses the amount of knot area as an indication of its quality. The more knots the less the quality.<br />Dead loose knots are extremely dangerous to machinists. The cutters may pick these up and eject them rapidly towards the operator.<br /> <br />Splits<br />A separation of the wood fibres along the grain forming a fissure that extends through the board from one side to the other.<br />It is usual in end grain and is remedied by cutting away the defected area. All boards should have an allowance so that some end grain may be cut away because of possible shakes or splits.<br /> <br />Checks and end checking<br />A separation of the fibres along the grain forming a fissure which shows up on one face or at the end grain but does not continue through to the other side.<br /> <br /><br />Uses of timber<br /> Marine work<br /> Wharves, piers, sheet piling, and cofferdams<br /> Fenders<br /> Requires high density, close grain, high strength timber<br /> Timber has good resistance to impact<br /> Problems with fungal and marine growth attack<br /> Nowadays concrete or steel more popular for the main structure but timber is still used for denders<br /><br /> Heavy constructional work<br /> Timber piles, bridges, gantries etc.<br /> Once popular, nowadays concrete or steel used instead<br /><br /> Medium/light constructional work<br /> Houses, roof trusses, partitions, floors etc.<br /> Often prefabricated to reduce labor cost<br /> With adequate maintenance, can last>30 yrs<br /><br /> Plywood<br />Plywood is an assembled product made up of piles glued together. The plies are “peeled” off a pre-boiled log by rotating it against a knife.<br />Plywood is manufactured in the form of flat sheets of various sizes. Thickness ranges from 3 to 25mm. Plywood is always built up of an odd number of plies, i.e. 3, 5 or 7 plies. In general, the plywood built up of a large number of plies is stronger and more stable, but it is more expensive to make.<br />The direction of the grain of each ply runs at right angles to that of the ply on each side so that strength properties are more uniform in the length and width of the boards than in solid timber.<br />The tendency of any ply to shrink transverse to the grain under change of moisture content is resisted on account of the direction of the grain of the adjacent plies.<br />Plies are not always of equal thickness and the inner ply or plies can be of lower strength than those on each side, provided the strength and moisture movement properties on each side of the centre are “balanced”<br /><br />Fire resistance<br />Timber is easily ignited at 220 to 300℃. It easily becomes charred at the surface, but the unburnt interior of a timber member does not lose strength with a serious rise in temperature and there is no significant increase in length. The god thermal insulation of timber prevents a marked rise in the temperature of members on the side remote from the fire.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-20070727661689012322009-01-15T19:35:00.001+08:002009-01-15T19:35:23.207+08:00steelStructural steel<br /><br />Steel-composed of iron, alloyed with various other materials (mainly carbon, sulphur & phosphorus).<br />The physical properties of steel depend on the nature and relative amounts of these special ingredients.<br />An increase in carbon content results in an increase in strength, but this is accompanied by a marked decrease in ductility.<br />Based on the carbon content, steel may be divided into the following categories:<br /> Low carbon steel (<0.15%) ksi =" kilopound" 1000="ksi" 012="Kg/mm2" 895="N/m.m2" 145="ksi" 895="Mpa" 145="ksi" 703="kg/m.m2" 422="ksi" 1="N/m.m2" 807="Mpa" e="210,000N/mm2" m="mass" l=" length">32mmφ 1 from each 55 ton 1 from each 110 ton<br />Prestressing steels<br />Prestressing steels have very high yield strength in tension. The steel must be able to withstand the prestresses without suffering significant creep relaxation.<br />Pre-tensioning:<br />0.6-0.9% carbon, 0.5-0.9% manganese steel is suitable for pre-tensioning. It has better tensile properties than mild steel owing to the high carbon content and can be further enhanced by cold working to give<br />Characteristic strength = 1470-1720MPa<br />Min, 0.2% proof stress = 1250-1460MPa<br /><br />Post-tensioning:<br />Cold drawn steel wire ropes<br />0.6-0.9% carbon, 0.5-0.9% manganese<br />Tensile strength of 1735-1850MPa<br />0.1% proof stress > 70% of tensile strength<br />Cold worked steel rods<br />0.5-0.6% carbon, 0.7-1.0% manganese, 1.5-2.0% silicon<br />Tensile strength of 1030-1110MPa<br />0.2% proof stress of 870-95-MPaAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-90443484802074966432009-01-15T19:33:00.000+08:002009-01-15T19:34:28.624+08:00mechanical properies and material testingThe mechanical properties of a material are used to determine its suitability for a particular application. A range of material tests is available to measure the properties.<br /><br />The tensile test<br />The most comprehensive of all mechanical tests is the “tensile test”, which determines the strength of the material when subjected to a simple stretching operation. Typically, standard dimension test samples are pulled slowly and at uniform rate in a testing machine while the strain (elongation) and the engineering stress (applied force divided by the original cross-sectional area) are measured and plotted. A typical tensile test for a metal first stretches the material and then causes it to neck and fail.<br /><br />The engineering stress-strain curve of a ductile material usually drops past the tensile strength point. This is because the cross-sectional area of the material decreases (necking). Because of the decreased area, a smaller amount of force is required to continue the material’s deformation. A plot of the true local stress vs. true strain, based on the changing specimen dimensions rather than the original dimensions, would continue to rise when necking occurs. However, these are rarely used because they are difficult to measure.<br />The stress-strain diagram<br />Plotting the applied stress versus the strain or elongation of the specimen shows the initial elastic response of the material, followed by yielding, plastic deformation and finally necking and failure. Several measurements are taken from the plot, called the engineering stress-strain diagram. These include:<br /><br /> Modulus of elasticity<br /> The initial slope of the curve up to the elastic limit<br /> A measure of the stiffness of the material<br /> Related directly to the strength of the atomic bonds.<br /><br /> Yield strength, YS<br /> The stress at which the specimen shows a consistent and measurable amount of permanent deformation.<br /> For materials without a clear yield point, the YS is determined by constructing a line parallel to the initial portion of the stress-strain curve but offset by a strain of 0.002 from the origin. The intersection of this line and the measured stress-strain line is used as an approximation of the material’s yield strength. This is called the 0.02% offset yield.<br /> Some materials do show an abrupt yield point. In plain carbon steels, the carbon steels, the carbon atoms may diffuse the dislocations in the material and pin them so that they cannot easily move. When the applied stress causes the dislocations to jump free of these points, they can move more easily. In many polymers a similar effect is produced when bonds between molecules break and they begin to move.<br /><br /> Tensile strength, TS(ultimate tensile strength, UTS)<br /> The maximum stress applied to the specimen<br /> YS or TS is a measure of the loading ability (strength) of the material.<br /><br /> Ductility<br /> The maximum amount of plastic deformation that the specimen can undergo without breaking. Ductile vs. brittle<br /> Measured by the % elongation at failure (or the % Reduction in area)<br />%EL=(l_final-l_0)/l_0 ×100<br /><br /> Other properties<br /> Modulus of resilience<br />The area under the linear part of the curve, measuring the stored elastic energy<br /><br /> Failure stress<br />The stress applied to the specimen at failure (usually less than the maximum tensile strength because necking reduces the cross-sectional area)<br /><br /> Toughness<br />The total area under the curve, which measures the energy absorbed by the specimen in the process of breaking<br /><br />Mechanical properties of some common meals:<br />Metal/alloy YS (MPa) TS(MPa) Ductility,(%EL)<br />Aluminum 35 90 40<br />Brass(Cu-Zn) 75 300 68<br />iron 130 262 45<br />steel 180 380 25<br />titanium 450 520 25<br /><br /><br /><br />The hardness test<br />The hardness test offers the engineer a quick, inexpensive and nondestructive way to estimate the tensile strength of a specimen. Hardness tests all make a small (sometimes microscopic) indentation into the surface of a specimen, and then use the force applied and the size of the indentation to calculate a “hardness number”. The correlation between this value and the tensile strength allows this to be used as a quality control parameter. However, the relationship between hardness and tensile properties is unique for each class of materials. Two of the commonly used hardness tests are:<br /><br />The Brinell hardness test<br />The Brinell hardness test utilizes a steel sphere which is usually 10mm in diameter. The sphere is forced into the surface of a material. Then, the diameter of the resulting impression is measured. The corresponding “Brinell Hardness number” is then calculated.<br /><br />The Rockwell hardness test<br />The Rockwell hardness test utilizes two kinds of indentors. A small steel ball is used for soft materials and a diamond-shaped cone is used for hard materials. To perform the test, the indentor is pushed into the surface of the material being tested. The test machine measures the depth of penetration and automatically converts this data into a “Rockwell Hardness number”.<br />Empirical relationship between hardness and Ts for most steels:<br />TS (MPa)=3.45Xbrinell hardness number<br /><br />Impact testing<br />It is important to examine a material’s reaction to short yet intense loads, because under such conditions the material may behave in a more brittle manner than is indicated from a simple tensile test. The charpy impact test is commonly used for this purpose. A notched bar is placed in the test machine, and then the hammer is allowed to fall and break it. The energy absorbed in fracturing the specimen is measured by the height to which the hammer rises.<br />This is a direct relationship between the energy absorbed in impact and the toughness measured as the area under the stress stain curve. Materials with a high toughness value absorb more energy in fracture, which may provide a margin of safety in real structures in the event of failure. Some newer cars use plastic body parts and bumpers which have a large range of elastic deformation so that fracture does not occur at all.<br /><br /><br />The mechanical properties of a material are used to determine its suitability for a particular application. It is convenient to break the properties, and the tests that measure them, into several types<br /><br /> Slow application of stress, as in the tensile test, allows dislocations time to move.<br /> Rapid stress application, as in an impact test, measures the ability of the material to absorb energy as it fails<br /> The materials response to the presence of cracks and flaws that act as stress concentrators is measured by fracture toughness<br /> Repeated application of stresses below the failure stress determined in a tensile test can cause fatigue failure.<br /> At high temperatures, materials deform continuously under an applied stress, as measured by the creep test.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2106492302979255273.post-27095504989468648792009-01-15T19:32:00.002+08:002009-01-15T19:33:23.640+08:00masonryStone masonry<br /><br />Stones<br />Igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock<br /><br />Mortar<br />Cement mortar or cement-lime mortar<br />Except for extremely weak stones, the compressive strength of masonry structures is not dependent on the stones but the mortar bonding the stones.<br /><br />Uses<br /> Solid masonry walls<br />Load bearing walls consisting of stone blocks bonded to a rubble pattern<br /> Composite masonry walls<br />Load bearing walls consisting of stone blocks bonded to a brick or concrete backing<br /> Stone facing<br />Non-load bearing facing wall consisting of thin pieces of stone secured by metal cramps to the load bearing wall<br /><br />Rubble patterns<br /> Random rubble<br />This consists of stones of all sizes roughly rectangular but not dressed. The stones are not laid to horizontal courses. The small stones are used to fill up the voids between the larger stones.<br /> <br />This pattern is made from stones of different shapes and sizes without much order. The pieces fit together fairly well.<br /><br /> Coursed random rubble<br />The stone work is laid roughly in courses. It is leveled at certain heights to an approximately horizontal surface.<br /> <br />This pattern is made from uncut stones placed in rows called courses. <br /><br /> Ashler<br />This consists of stones accurately worked to plane surface with sharp right angles. The stones are laid truly horizontal. Ashler is used mainly for facing. Very expensive.<br /><br /> This pattern is made of cut stones that fit together, but are not in rows. <br /> <br /> This is a pattern of cut stones that fit together and are placed in rows. <br /> <br /> Like the mosaics of ancient Rome, this is a pattern of different stones that fit together very well. <br /> <br /><br />Brickwork & blockwork<br />Brick<br />A walling unit not exceeding 337.5mm in length, 225mm in width, or 112.5mm in height<br />Block<br />A walling unit exceeding in length, width or height the dimensions specified for bricks.<br /><br />Standard format of bricks<br />Designation Length Width Height<br />225X112.5X75 215mm 102.5mm 65mm<br /><br />Note<br /> The nominal dimensions include the thickness of a mortar joint equal to 10mm.<br /> 4 courses to 300mm (12’’).<br /><br />Manufacture of bricks<br />Clay (silica and alumina) mixed with water, moulded and pressed to shape, dried and then fired to form brick units.<br /><br />Varieties of bricks<br /> Common bricks<br />For non-structural uses, such as partitions<br /> Facing bricks<br />Architectural finish<br /> Engineering bricks<br />Dense bricks conforming to defined limits of strength, for structural uses, such as load bearing walls<br /><br />Compressive strength of bricks<br />Engineering bricks<br />Class A 69.0N/mm2<br />Class B 48.5N/mm2<br />Others<br />≅5N/mm^2, strength unimportant<br /><br />Mortars<br />Mortar for bonding brickwork or masonry is composed of cement and sand, with or without lime. The addition of lime improves the workability and bonding properties. It also reduces the tendency to crack.<br /><br /> Cement mortars<br /> 1:3<br /> 1:4.5<br />Note: 1:3 means 1 part of cement to 3 parts of sand by volume. A small quantity of lime may be added.<br /><br /> Cement-lime mortars<br /> 1:1:6<br /> 1:2:9<br /> 1:3:12 used for internal non-load bearing walls<br />Note: the proportion are cement: lime: sand by volume<br /><br /> Cement mortar with plasticizer<br />(Plasticizer for improving workability)<br /> 1:6 used for non-load bearing external walls<br /> 1:8 used for non-load bearing internal walls<br /><br /><br />Bonding of brickwork:<br />Header - A brick which is laid in a way that only the short end is visible in the wall<br /> <br />Stretcher - A brick which is laid in a way that allows only the longer side of the brick to be exposed.<br /> <br /> Stretcher bond-stretchers in every course<br />Stretcher bond is the most widespread pattern found in modern buildings. It has become the popular choice for cavity walls with half-brick thick outer leaves because it makes the maximum use of whole bricks, minimising the requirement for snapheaders or for cutting bricks on site. Stretcher bond is thus quick to lay and, overall, is the most economic bond pattern. <br />Aesthetically, however, stretcher bond has come to be regarded as somewhat bland. To relieve this, there has been a resurgence of interest both in using the more traditional types of bond patterns and in enlivening the appearance of stretcher bond by introducing designs in bricks of contrasting colors. A typical example of the latter is the highlighting of a diamond pattern in stretcher bond. This reflects an effect achieved historically by incorporating flared headers - bricks which had been accidentally overfired, producing a different colour - and is particularly successful in the modern context when blue bricks feature as the contrast. The opportunities available by using polychromatic brickwork to enhance the appearance of a building are the subject of ARCHIFACTS Decorative Brickwork. It is also possible to achieve some degree of variation in stretcher bond by using quarter- or third-lap instead of the more common half-lap.<br /><br />Each joint is above the middle of the lower brick. It has a low strength in the transverse direction and is used for thin walls only.<br /> <br /> <br /> Header joint-headers in every course<br />It provides excellent strength in the transverse direction but longitudinally it is not so good. It is primarily used for walls curved in plan.<br /> <br /> English bond<br />It consists of alternate courses of stretchers and headers.<br /> <br />English Bonding - A brickwork pattern in which the headers and stretchers form alternate rows.<br /> <br /> Flemish bond<br />It consists of alternate headers and stretchers in every course, each header being centrally placed between the stretchers above and below.<br /> <br />Flemish Bonding - A brickwork pattern in which the headers and stretchers alternate in every row.<br /> <br />Fire resistance<br />Clay bricks withstand temperatures in the region of 1000℃ or more without damage, but under very severe and prolonged heating, the surface of a brick may fuse. Spalling can occur with some types of brick particularly of the perforated type.<br />A loadbearing wall exposed to fire will suffer a progressive reduction in strength due to deterioration of the mortar in the same manner as concrete. Severe damage is more likely to be caused by the expansion or collapse of other members.Ahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13478396281433618137noreply@blogger.com0